समय या स्थिति की निकटता सूचक शब्दों को बदलने के नियम (Rules for change of words expressing nearness of time or position):-
1. Reported Speech में प्रयोग हुए निम्न शब्दों को इस प्रकार से बदल देते है :-
Ago - before
Come - go
Here - there
Just - then
Now - then
This - that
Today - that day
Tomorrow - the next day
Yesterday - the previous day
To night - that night
Exm:- Dct:- He said to them, "I will leave you now".
Ind:- He told them that he would leave them then.
Dct:- He said to me, " I came here yesterday".
Ind:- He told me that he had gone there the previous day.
2. यदि this, here और now किसी ऐसी वस्तु, स्थान या समय की ओर संकेत करे जो वक्ता के सामने उपस्थित हो तो Indirect speech बनाते समय उनमें कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता है।
जैसे:- Dct:- He said to me, "This is my house".
Ind:- He told me that this was his house.
Dct:- He said to me, "I will do it now".
Ind:- He told me that he would di it now.
3. This या these का प्रयोग यदि समय की ओर संकेत के लिए होता है तो Indirect बनाते समय इनको that या those में बदलते है। परन्तु adjective की भांति प्रयोग होने पर Indirect बनाते समय इनके स्थान पर the का प्रयोग भी कर सकते है।
जैसे:- Dct:- He said, "We are going for a perty this week".
Ind:- He said that they were going for a party that week.
Dct:- He said, " I have typed all these essays ".
Ind:- He said that he had typed all the essays.
विशेष परिवर्तन (Important Changes):-
A. Needn't को indirect speech में ज्यों का त्यों रहने देते है।
जैसे:- Dct:- Ha said to his wife, "I needn't go there now.
Ind:- He told his wife that he needn't go there then .
B. यदि (") के अंदर well या you see शब्द हो तो Indirect बनाते समय इन शब्दों को हटा देते है।
जैसे:- Dct:- Hemant said, " Well Ashok, I shall give you a book".
Ind:- Hemant told Ashok that he would give him a book.
C. Reported Speech, में thank you का प्रयोग होने पर Indirect speech में Reporting verb को thanked में बदल देते है। इसी तरह Reported speech में प्रयोग होने वाले hope और feel को भी Reporting verb बना देते है।
Ex:- Dct:- The students said to, "the teacher "Thank you sir for your help".
Ind:- The girl respectfully thanked the teacher for his help.
Dct:- She said, "I hope my brother will come tomorrow".
Ind:- She hoped that my brother would come the next day.
इस प्रकार से आज के लेख में हमने Present Perfect Continuous Tense के बारे में विस्तार से अध्ययन किया। मुझे आशा नही अपितु पूर्ण विश्वास है कि यह लेख आप सभी विद्यार्थियों के लिए लाभकारी सिद्ध होगा।
शुभकामनाओं सहित
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