Assertive Sentences Part -1
Key Points:-
1. इसके अन्तर्गत सकारात्मक और नकारात्मक वाक्य आते है।
2. Reproting Verb me आए said to और Says to को Indirect speech बनाते समय told और tells में परिवर्तित कर देते है।
3. इनवर्टेड कामा (") को हटाकर Conjunction that का प्रयोग करते है।
4. Say, says और said के बाद कोई कर्म (object) हो तो हम इन्हें tell, tells और told में बदल देते है। और यदि object ना हो तो इन्हे नही बदलना है।
5. यहां Dct का अर्थ Direct Speech और Ind का अर्थ Indirect Speech है।
Tense में परिवर्तन करने के नियम:-
1. यदि Reporting verb, Present या Future tense में हो तो Reported speech की verb में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता है।
जैसे- Dct:- Ram say's, "Hari has gone to Agra".
Ind:- Ram says that Hari has gone to Agra.
2. यदि Reporting verb Past tense में हो तो Reported speech के tense में परिवर्तन होता है।
A. Present Indefinite Tense बदलकर Past Indefinite Tense में परिवर्तित हो जाता है।
जैसे- Dct:- Mohan said, "Raman tells a lie".
Ind:- Mohan said that Raman told a lie.
B. Present Continuous Tense बदलकर Past Continuous Tense में परिवर्तित हो जाता है।
जैसे- Dct:- Sonu said to me, " Rakesh is writing a book".
Ind:- Sonu told me that Rakesh was writing a book.
C. Present Perfect Tense बदलकर Past Perfect Tense में परिवर्तित हो जाता है।
जैसे:- Dct:- Ramesh said, "Raj has completed his work".
Ind:- Ramesh said that Raj had completed his work.
D. Present Perfect Continuous Tense बदलकर Past Perfect Continuous Tense में परिवर्तित हो जाता है।
जैसे- Dct:- He said, "Ram has been cooking food since morning".
Ind:- He said that Ram had been cooking food since morning.
E. Past Indefinite बदलकर Past Perfect में परिवर्तित हो जाता है।
जैसे- Dct:- He said, "The hirse died in the night".
Ind:- He said that the horse had died in the night.
Past Continuous बदलकर Past Perfect Continuous में परिवर्तित हो जाता है।
जैसे- Dct:- He said, "The students were learning their lessons".
Ind:- He said that the students had been learning their lessons.
Note:- Past Perfect tense और Past Perfect Continuous Tense में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता है।
जैसे- Dct:- He said, "Rani had won the match".
Ind:- He said that Rani had won the match.
Dct:- She said, " Radha had been cooking food for two days.
Ind:- She said that Radha had been cooking food for two days.
Note:- 1. यदि Reporting verb Past tense में हो, तो Reported speech में आने वाले shall को shuld में , Will को would में, can को could में, और may का might में परिवर्तन हो जाता है।
जैसे- Dct:- I said, " shall play".
Ind:- I said that I should play.
Dct:- She said, " Rakul will see a book ".
Ind:- She said that Rakul would see a book.
Dct:- I said, " I can jump into the river".
Ind:- I said that I could jump into the river.
Dct:- She said, "The boy go may".
Ind:- She said that the boy might go.
अपवाद (Exceptions):-
इस स्थिति में Reporting verb , Past tense में होते हुए भी Reported speech का tense नही बदलता है।
1. जब कोई सदा सत्य रहने वाली बात (Universal Truth) कही जाए।
जैसे- Dct:- Anuj said, " The earth moves round the sun".
Ind:- Anuj said that the earth moves round the sun.
Dct:- Rinki said, "The sun rises in the east".
Ind:- Rinki said that the sun rises in the east.
2. जब कोई आदत संबंधी सत्य (Habitual fact) कहा जाए।
जैसे- Dct:- Hari said to Ravi, "Dogs bark at the strangers".
Ind:- Hari told Ravi that dogs bark at the strangers.
3. जब कोई कहावत (Proverb) कही जाए।
जैसे- Dct:- Pooja said, "Honesty is the best policy".
Ind:- Pooja said that honesty is the best policy.
इस प्रकार से आज के लेख में हमने Assertive Sentences के बारे में विस्तार से अध्ययन किया। मुझे आशा नही अपितु पूर्ण विश्वास है कि यह लेख आप सभी विद्यार्थियों के लिए लाभकारी सिद्ध होगा।
शुभकामनाओं सहित
Note:- अगला लेख पढ़ने के लिए इस लिंक को कॉपी करके ब्राउजर में पेस्ट करें:- https://newsfactory.in/assertive-part-3-623
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